Amesbury, E. 1997. Embryonic development and nutrition in the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina (Elasmobranchii, Dasyatidae). MS thesis, U. Central Florida, Orlando.

Babel, JS. 1967. Reproduction, life history, and ecology of the round stingray, Urolophus halleri Cooper. Calif. Fish Game Bull. 137:1-104.

Breder, CM Jr and LA Krumholz. 1941. On the uterine young of Dasyatis sabinus (LeSueur) and Dasyatis hastatus (DeKay). Zoologica 26:49-53.

Bullesbach, E, C Schwabe, and E Lacy. 1997. Identification of a glycosylated Relaxin-like molecule from the male Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina. Biochemistry, 36:10735-10741.

Capapé, C. 1993. New data on the reproductive biology of the thorny stingray, Dasyatis centroura (Pisces: Dasyatidae) from off the Tunisian coast. Environ. Biol. Fishes 38:73-80.

Capapé, C and J Zaouali. 1995. Reproductive biology of the marbled stingray, Dasyatis marmorata (Steindachner, 1892) (Pisces: Dasyatidae) in Tunisian waters (central Mediterranean). J. Aquariculture Aquat. Sci. 7:108-119.

Hamlett, WC. 1990. Functional organization of uterine trophonemata and fetal alimentary structures in the southern stingray. Amer. Zool. 4:39a.

Hamlett, WC, M Jezior, and R Spieler. 1999. Ultrastructural analysis of folliculogenesis in the ovary of the yellow spotted stingray, Urolophus jamaicensis. Anat. Anz. 181(2):159-172.

Hamlett, WC, JA Musick, AM Eulitt, RL Jarrell, and MA Kelly. 1996. Ultrastructure of uterine trophonemata, accommodation for urolactation, and gas exchange in the southern stingray, Dasyatis americana. Canadian J. Zool. 74:1417-1430.

Henningsen, AD. 2000. Notes on reproduction in the southern stingray, Dasyatis americana (Chondrichthyes: Dasyatidae), in a captive environment. Copeia 2000(3):826-828.

Hess, PW. 1959. The biology of two stingrays, Dasyatis centroura Mitchill 1815 and Dasyatis say LeSueur 1817, in Delaware Bay. MS thesis, U. Delaware, Newark.

Johnson, MR. 1992. Reproductive life history of the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina (Pisces, Dasyatidae) in the St. Johns River, Florida. MS thesis, U. Central Florida, Orlando.

Johnson, MR and FF Snelson Jr. 1996. Reproductive life history of the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina (Pisces, Dasyatidae) in the freshwater St. Johns River, Florida. Bull. Mar. Sci. 59:74-88.

Kijura, SM and TC Tricas. 1996. Seasonal dynamics of dental sexual dimorphism in the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina. J. Exp. Biol. 199:2297-2306.

LaMarca, MJ. 1964. The functional anatomy of the clasper and clasper gland of the yellow stingray, Urolophus jamaicensis(Cuvier). J. Morphol. 114:303-324.

Lewis, TC. 1982. The reproductive anatomy, seasonal cycles, and development of the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina(LeSueur) (Pisces, Dasyatidae). PhD dissert., Florida State U., Tallahassee.

Maruska, KP, EG Cowie, and TC Tricas. 1996. Periodic gonadal activity and protracted mating in elasmobranch fishes. J. Exp. Zool. 276:219-232.

Morris, JA. 1999. Aspects of the reproductive biology of the bluntnose stingray, Dasyatis say, in the Indian River Lagoon system, Florida. MS thesis, U. Central Florida, Orlando.

Murray, JA and JY Christmas. 1968. Growth of uterine young of the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina (LeSueur) with notes on its ecology. J. Miss. Acad. Sci. 14:128.

Piercy, A. 2002. Seasonal changes in the reproductive system of the male Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina. MS thesis, U. Central Florida, Orlando.

Piercy, A, J Gelsleichter, and FF Snelson Jr. 2003. Morphological and histological changes in the genital ducts of the male Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina, associated with the seasonal reproductive cycle. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 29: 23-35.

Schwartz, FJ and MD Dahlberg. 1978. Biology and ecology of the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina (Pisces: Dasyatidae), in North Carolina and Georgia. Northeast Gulf Sci. 2:1-23.

Snelson, FF Jr, LEL Rasmussen, MR Johnson, and DL Hess. 1997. Serum concentrations of steroid hormones during reproduction in the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 108:67-79.

Snelson, FF Jr and SE Williams. 1981. Notes on the occurrence, distribution, and biology of elasmobranch fishes in the Indian River Lagoon system, Florida. Estuaries 4:110-120.

Snelson, FF Jr, SE Williams-Hooper, and TH Schmid. 1988. Reproduction and ecology of the Atlantic Stingray, Dasyatis sabina, in Florida coastal lagoons. Copeia 1988(3):729-739.

Snelson, FF Jr, SE Williams-Hooper, and TH Schmid. 1989. Biology of the bluntnose stingray, Dasyatis sayi, in Florida coastal lagoons. Bull. Mar. Sci. 45:15-25.

Struhsaker, P. 1969. Observations on the biology and distribution of the thorny tail stingray, Dasyatis centroura (Pisces: Dasyatidae). Bull. Mar. Sci. 19:456-481.

Thorson, TB. 1983. Observations on the morphology, ecology, and life history of the euryhaline stingray, Dasyatis guttata(Bloch and Schneider) 1801. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 11:95-125.

Thorson, TB, JK Langhammer, and MI Oetinger. 1983. Reproduction and development of the South American freshwater stingrays, Potamotrygon circularis and P. motoro. Environ. Biol. Fishes 1:3-24.

Tricas, TC, KP Maruska, and LEL Rasmussen. 2000. Annual cycles of steroid hormone production, gonadal development, and reproductive behavior in the Atlantic Stingray. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 118:206-225.

Tricas, TC, SW Michael, and JA Sisneros. 1995. Electrosensory optimization to conspecific phasic signals for mating. Neurosci. Lett. 202:129-132.

Villavicencio-Garayzar, CJ, CD Hoffman, and EM Melendez. 1994. Tamano y reproduction de la raya Dasyatis longus(Pisces: Dasyatidae), en Bajia Almejas, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Rev. Biol. Trop. 42:375-377.

Volkoff, H, JP Wourms, E Amesbury, and FF Snelson Jr. 1999. Structure of the thyroid gland, serum thyroid hormones, and the reproductive cycle of the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina. J. Exp. Zool. 284:505-516.

Stingray Reproduction References compiled by:
F. F. Snelson, Jr.
Florida Program for Shark Research
Florida Museum of Natural History
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL 32611
February 2004